How are the auto parts produced?

The processing technology of auto parts includes casting, forging, stamping, welding, powder metallurgy, plastic molding, etc.

1. Casting is the most commonly used blank production method in the automobile manufacturing process. Auto parts and components that account for about 10% of the total weight of the car are obtained by casting. For various auto parts with complex shapes that are difficult to form by other methods, as well as various parts that require wear resistance, pressure bearing, vibration damping, and low cost, parts blanks can only be produced by casting process. Such as cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, piston ring, cylinder liner, intake and exhaust branch pipes, transmission case, steering gear housing, rear axle housing, brake drum, various brackets, etc. Generally, casted parts should be placed for a period of time to eliminate internal stress, which is called aging treatment.

2. Forging is another common method in the manufacturing process of auto parts. Forging blanks can obtain continuous and uniform metal fiber structure after forging, so forgings have better mechanical properties and are often used for important steel parts with complex forces. Forgings are the result of plastic deformation of materials, so forgings have fine grains and do not have the coarse structure and internal defects of castings, so some important parts that require high strength, impact resistance and fatigue resistance are mostly forged blanks, such as various gears, Various shafts, camshafts, connecting rods, suspension upper and lower arms, steering knuckles, steering knuckle arms, etc. Its main disadvantage is that it is difficult to obtain complex shapes, especially parts with complex cavities.

3. The stamping process is widely used in the automotive industry. All-metal thin shell structures such as covering parts and structural parts on the automobile body, as well as the parts that constitute the body of the automobile body, are basically produced by stamping process. It is characterized by high productivity, easy operation, easy mechanization and automation, stable quality, no need for post-processing, and can process parts with complex shapes, good surface quality of stamped parts, cold stamping does not change the mechanical properties of the material, etc. , the disadvantage is that thicker materials cannot be processed. The molds used in automobile stamping are very technical, and only a few countries in the world can produce them. Most of the car companies in China now use imported molds, and a few companies use domestic molds and stamping equipment.

4. In the process of automobile assembly, welding accounts for a huge proportion. There is a process called welding process, which is to combine each stamping part into an automobile body by welding, and many parts are also combined by welding. In automobile manufacturing, special automatic welding machines and arc welding robot workstations are widely used, and the welding methods are spot welding, brazing, laser welding and so on. Among them, laser welding is the most advanced and has been widely used in some models, so the body strength of this model is relatively high.

5. Powder metallurgy Powder metallurgy is a technology in which metal powder, or a mixture of metal and non-metal powder, is consolidated into a metal product with a certain shape by using processes such as forming and sintering. Its products are collectively referred to as powder metallurgy parts or sintered parts. With the high strength, high precision and low cost of auto parts, powder metallurgy parts are used more and more in automobiles, such as valve seats, pulleys, powder metallurgy sprockets, connecting rods, etc. of automobile engines.

Forming process of non-metallic materials: There are also a large number of rubber, plastic, ceramics and other composite materials on automobiles, such as bumpers, door linings, workbenches, sealing strips, fuel tanks, etc. How are they formed? Woolen cloth? This involves the forming process of non-metallic materials. Generally speaking, there are injection molding, compression molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, hollow blow molding, thermoforming calendering, casting molding, low pressure molding of glass fiber thermosetting plastics, rotational molding (rotational) molding, foam molding, rapid molding, etc.